ORIGINATION

Aquarius, the Water Bearer, comes from the story of the Deucalion Flood – which is the Greek version of Noah’s flood. Zeus poured all the waters from the heavens out onto the Earth over nine days to wash away and destroy the wicked and evil men. This brought forth a fresh start for Deucalion and his wife Pyrrha, the only two surviving humans who threw stones over their shoulders to create a new race of men and women. This sign is also associated with Ganymede, the cupbearer of Olympus.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF AQUARIUS

According to Astrology, Aquarius is an air sign. The people born under Aquarius are characterized by cleverness, humanism, and originality.

ORIGINATION

King Athamas of Boeotia married the nymph Nephele at Hera's command. She was a nymph made from a cloud in Hera's image to trap the centaur, Ixion. The couple had two children; a son named Phrixus and a daughter named Helle. After a while, Athamas grew tired of Nephele and left her. At hamas then remarried, and his second wife was Ino, the daughter of Cadmus. She also gave him children -- two sons named Searches and Melicertes. Nephele was angry and asked Hera to assist inavenging Athamas' desertion. While this was going on, Zeus asked Ino and Athamas to care for Dionysus, as he wanted to keephim a secret from Hera. Hera eventually punished them for this by making them go mad. Ino was jealous of Athamas and Nephele's children and plotted their deaths.

Ino tricked Athamas into attempting to sacrifice Phrixus, but he was saved by Heracles, who sent a golden ram to carry him to Colchis. Helle grabbed hold of the winged ram but fell to her death between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea when she lost her grip. The strait, to this day, is named after her -- the Hellespont (Dardanelles). Upon reaching Colchis, Phrixus sacrificed the golden ram to Zeus, who placed the ram's image among the stars in honor of its heroism.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF ARIES

According to Astrology, Aries is a Sun sign. Traits of those born under the sign include leadership and assertiveness.

ORIGINATION

Cancer was a creature sent by Hera to destroy Heracles, one of Zeus' illegitimate children whom she hated the most. This giant crab latched on to Heracle's foot as he was battling the Hydra. He already had his hands full as he cut off one of the Hydra's heads; two more grew in its place. Before finishing off the Hydra, he turned his attention to the crab and crushed it. As a reward for the crab's obedience and sacrifice, Hera placed it is image among the stars.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF CANCER

According to Astrology, Cancer is considered a water sign and is one of the four cardinal signs, which are signs that indicate a change of season when the sun makes its annual passage into them. People born under Cancer are known for their loyalty, emotional depth, and parenting instincts – despite the changes they may go through in life.

ORIGINATION

Capricorn is usually depicted as a goat or sea-goat, but he is the God Pan in Greek Mythology. Pan ruled over forests and woodlands, flocks, and shepherds. From the waist down, he was a goat and had the ears and horns of a goat, and from the waist up, he was a man. He was a horny little guy and was always trying to catch a nymph, who would flee because of his appearance. Eventually, he became the God of Nature, and some of his qualities, such as sexuality and love of nature, have become part of the character of people born under this sign. Another story is that the goat nymph, Amalthea, who suckled Zeus as an infant, was placed among the stars as the constellation Capricorn by Zeus in gratitude.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF CAPRICORN

According to Astrology, Capricorn is an earth sign. People born under this sign are responsible, patient, ambitious, and loyal.

ORIGINATION

The constellation of Gemini consists of two twins: Castor and Pollux. Castor was the mortal son of King Tyndar us, while Pollux was the immortal son of Zeus. Both Castor and Pollux, being identical twins, were inseparable in their looks and actions. Castor was a great horseman, and Pollux was a great fighter. Together, they went with Jason on the Argo and saved the ship from a terrible storm. When Castor was killed in battle, Pollux pleaded with Zeus to bring him back. Zeus agreed to immortalize both Castor and Pollux if they spend half of their time on the Earth and the other half amongst the stars in the heavens. Since then, when sailors saw these two stars together, they knew their journey would be prosperous. However, seeing only one star fore told bad luck.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF GEMINI

According to Astrology, Gemini is an air sign. People born under Gemini are energetic, clever, imaginative, and adaptable.

ORIGINATION

The constellation Leo has been recognized for thousands of years due to the Lion sign's popularity. For example, ancient Egyptians had a powerful and fierce lion goddess called Sekhmet ('The Mighty One'). She was seen either as a lion or a woman with a lion's head, born out of Ra's eye which he threw down on Earth when enraged about human evil, and the fiery eye turned into the furious Sekhmet - which explains why the 'eye' Regulus is found at Leo's feet. Sekhmet became the Goddess of War who was told to support the Pharaoh in wartimes, an image of fury and glory, called the 'Lady of Pestilence' for fomenting plague, disease, and destruction. On the other hand, she was considered to be honorable, generous, and known to be a healer of the ailments she had caused herself. She was also asked to be the protector of the bold and righteous. In Greek mythology, Leo was taken as the Nemean lion, which could not be killed by metal or stone but of course, could get killed by the hero Hercules who used the lion's skin and claws to make himself some new weapons.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF LEO

According to Astrology, Leo is considered to be a fire sign. People born under Leo are masculine, extroverted and decisive.

ORIGINATION

Libra represents balance and justice, harmony, and equilibrium. In Greek Mythology, the Goddess of Just ice is Themis. She is usually depicted as a blindfolded woman, holding the scale in her hands. She is the mother of Astraea.

The constellations of Virgo and Libra shine side by side in the celestial sky. She is said to return when the Golden Age comes again, and her daughter Astraea returns to the earth.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF LIBRA

According to Astrology, Libra is considered an air sign. People born under the Libra sign are social beings –their happiness is based on relationships.

ORIGINATION

Pisces represents the two fishes. In Greek Mythology, these two fish were Aphrodite and Eros. They walked along the Euphrates River when the fire breathing monster with one hundred heads, the fearsome Typhon, appeared. They were scared and unable to run, so they called upon Zeus for help. He turned them into two fish, and they jumped in the river and escaped. Athena placed the fish among the stars, and they became the constellation of Pisces.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF PISCES

According to Astrology, Pisces is a water sign. People born under this sign are compassionate, adaptable, devoted, and imaginative.

ORIGINATION

Sagittarius, or Chiron, the Centaur was the son of the titan Kronos in Greek mythology, All centaurs were born of the sun and rain clouds, but Chiron was born half man and half horse. Hercules accidentally shot Chiron with a poisoned arrow. Chiron was a great physician, and he was immortal – but he could not heal himself or die, so he continued to be in pain. As a solution, Chiron offered to replace Prometheus, who was being punished since he had given fire to humanity. Chiron's kind and noble gesture in giving up his immortality to release Prometheus from his chains impressed Zeus, who immortalized him in the stars.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF SAGITTARIUS

According to Astrology, Sagittarius is a fire sign. People born under Sagittarius seek independence, excitement, and truth.

ORIGINATION

Orion was a mighty and fearless hunter, so great in fact that he vowed to kill every animal on the Earth. Gaia, the goddess of the Earth and protector of the animals, was angered by Orion and asked Scorpio, a giant scorpion, to kill Orion before harming the animals. Scorpio attacked Orion and stung him with his stinger. As are ward for his bravery and for saving all of the animals' lives, Gaia placed Scorpio in the night sky. He is seen chasing Orion across the sky during the year. Orion is allowed to hunt peacefully in the winter, but as spring comes, Scorpio rises to chase Orion out of the sky.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF SCORPIO

According to Astrology, Scorpio is a water sign and the traits of those born under the sign include determination and loyalty.

ORIGINATION

Taurus's constellation, the bull, has been identified with many cultures (Druid, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Greek). As far back as 15,000 BC, drawings on the walls in Lascaux's caves depicted Taurus with the star cluster known as the Pleiades. There are at least three stories about the constellation of Taurus the Bull in Greek mythology. In the first myth, Zeus tries to gain the favor of Europa, a legendary Phoenician princess, by assuming the form of a magnificent white bull and carries her out to sea. In illustrations of Greek mythology, only the bull's front portion of the constellation is depicted, which might be explained as Taurus partly sub merged underwater. In the second Greek myth, Zeus hides Io, his girlfriend, from his wife, Hera, by changing Io into a heifer (or bull). Greek mythographer A cusila us portrays the bull Taurus as the same as from the Cretan Bull myth in one of The Twelve Labors of Hercules.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF TAURUS

According to Astrology, Taurus is an Earth sign. The traits of those born under the sign of Taurus include practicality and stubbornness.

Taurusfrom $11.00Taurusfrom $11.00Taurusfrom $11.00

ORIGINATION

Virgo represents the Goddess of Innocence and Purity, Astraea. According to the creation myth, Zeus sent Pandora down to Earth as a punishment to man. Because of her curiosity, she opened the box the gods had warned her not to and let out the plagues of hate, envy, sickness, etc., into the world. Of course, Hope did not escape, but the Earth was just unbearable. One by one, the gods returned to the heavens to live. Astraea was the last to leave. She became the constellation Virgo. According to legend, when the Golden Age comes again, Astraea will return to the Earth.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TRAITS OF VIRGO

According to Astrology, Virgo is considered an earth sign. People born under Virgo are typically analytical, kind, hardworking, and practical.

ORIGINATION

The origin of this pose is from a common theme from the early days of Buddhism since Gautama Buddha was reputed to sit in this pose and signal protection to his followers. The mudra depicted
is a venerated sign to Buddhists.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES &POPULARITY

This depiction of a seated Buddha with the right hand raised and facing outwards has two common meanings. The first is that of the Protection Buddha, as the raised right hand symbolically represents a shield. The second meaning, Overcoming Fear, is closely related to the first(since receiving protection would be less fearful). The main feature of this pose, aside from the raised right hand, is that The Buddha can be depicted either sitting or standing, and the left hand may either be extended outward or palm up in the lap. This statue signifies courage and offers protection from fear, delusion, and anger. 

ORIGINATION

The beloved Laughing Buddha is designed after a legendary, eccentric Zen monk called Budai, who lived during the later Liang dynasty (907-923 AD). He was a native of Fenghua, and his Buddhist name was Qieci(Chinese: Pinyin). A man of good humor and loving character, he was considered to be a bodhisattva or maitreya (future Buddha) by the locals. The laughing monk with a large belly has become immortal, a symbol of Buddhism and a good luck charm.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES &POPULARITY

The Laughing Buddha statues, whether sitting or standing, are seen everywhere – homes, offices, hotels, restaurants, gardens, museums, and temples. They are made of many types of material – porcelain, wood, metal, stone, and painted in color and line. They bring prosperity and good luck and are recognized as a positive feng shui adornment if kept facing a promising direction.

The Chinese place “Laughing Buddha ”statues at the entrances to temples. In Japan, Budai is pronounced hotei(which means “glutton”). The Japanese believe that rubbing the belly of the Laughing Buddha brings good luck and wealth. Hotei is one of the seven Shinto gods.

Versions of the Laughing Buddha are found all over Asia and have become popular in the Western World.

ORIGINATION

The Hamsa symbol arose in the Middle East and was common among the three major religions – Jewish, Arabic, and Christianity. It is also referred to as hamesh in Yiddish and khamesh in Arabic. Its ignifies the Hand of God. More specifically, Islam called it the Hand of Fatima, Judaism the Hand of Miriam, and Christianity the Hand of Mary. In all cases, the people were the sisters, wives, or mothers of the religion’s central prophet.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES &POPULARITY

The five fingers of the Hams symbol usually refer to the five pillars of the religion concerned. For example, in Judaism, the Hand of Miriam represents the Torah's five books. It means the five pillars of Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage in Islam. In every religion, the Hamsaamulet (or bracelet) wearer is imbued with the woman's grace, divinity, and nurturing power. Some Hams symbols include an Evil Eye in the palm – that signifies protection from evil, jealousy, or any demon. All in all, the Hamsa amulet or bracelet is supposed to make you humble, grateful for what you have, and enjoy happiness, luck, and good fortune.

ORIGINATION

The Lakota Oyateobserved the 13 months in the lunar calendar and religiously tracked the 28days that span the typical lunar month. They believed that changes would occur with every new moon – so the numbers 13 and 28 held special significance for them. The Keya (turtle)has 13 large scales on its back and 28 smaller scales around. To the Lakota Oyate, the turtle thus became an important symbol of their world and Mother Earth.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES &POPULARITY

The keya spirit represents the guardian of life longevity, and fortitude. An amulet in the shape of a keyais made for every newborn baby in many families. Keya protects the newborn from mniwatu(bacteria or germs) that can cause illness. The keya is put away until the child could take care of it and treat it respectfully. Then, the child gets to wear it on a costume or ceremonial dress. The Lakota Oyate observed and studied many beautiful natural phenomena on Unci Maka(un-chi ma-ka, grandmother earth). They recorded many of these lessons on winter counts and taught younger generations to be observant and respectful to all of creation. The keyais meant to heal and protect, providing safety, wisdom, and fertility to the child as s/he grows up and moves through life.

ORIGINATION

The Zuni Bear was one of the six cardinal guardian fetishes used by the Zuni Tribe. The “white bear” was designated asthe Guardian of the West. The bear was associated with strength, power, healing, and self-knowledge. The Zuni believed that such a fetish, blessed by their medicine men, would carry the supernatural powers within him to make him a great protector and powerful healer. The white bear is also known as the most potent medicine bear in general Native American tradition.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Modern representations of the Zuni Be a rare usually carvings or stone etchings since fetishes (blessed by medicine men)are not sold commercially. Often associated with the color blue, the bear is known for its strength, courage, adaptability, healing, and spiritual communion. The Zuni believed that the fetishes need to be nurtured, fed, and cared for – for example, if you provide a Zuni Bear with cornmeal, it will protect their homes from intruders.

ORIGINATION

Dragons in China, also known as long orlung, are powerful and benevolent symbols associated with Chinese civilization's birth. Legend has it that Yandi (a tribal leader) was born with a mighty dragon. He teamed up with another legendary tribal leader, Huangdi, and with the Dragon's help, to launch what became the prelude to the Chinese civilization. Chinese dragons have bodies of snakes and claws (unlike Western depictions) and live underwater (rivers, lakes, seas, etc.) In ancient China, emperors were thought to be sons of dragons – only they were allowed to show or wear dragon signs. 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Dragon is now one of the 12 symbols of the Chinese Zodiac. They are thought to be lucky, propitious, powerful, and noble, unlike the fire-spitting monsters of Western lore. It has become an enduring mascot for Chinese people worldwide, a symbol of unrelenting pioneering spirit, optimism, good luck, and rebirth. Since all Chinese believe themselves to be Yandi and Huangdi's descendants, their dragon companion is considered to be their protector and a symbol of their indomitable spirit. Catch a Dragon Dance at your local Chinatown at the next Chinese New Years' festival. In Western (e.g., Celtic) lore, dragons are often viewed as adversaries, to be slain by brave knights and noblemen.

ORIGINATION

Kokopelliis one of the oldest and most iconic figures from the ancient Anasazi Indian mythology from the American Southwest, a familiar figure from 500-1300 AD before the emergence of the Katsina cult. Kokopelli is prominent in Hopi legends. Here presents a mischievous trickster or Minstrel of Spring, hunched over and playing the flute to chase away the winter. He represents agriculture, animals, and prosperity to the Native American tribes who depend on them for sustenance. He is also a fertility symbol, signifying marriage, and childbirth.  

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Since Kokopelli is believed to be an actual spirit, the likeness is usually found on clothing, furniture, logos, golf balls, and other merchandise – and not often sold as a talisman. Each part of the figure has significance. He is known as a prankster, a minstrel, a traveling salesman, and a magical flute player. According to Navajo legend, Kokopelliis the God of harvest and plenty.

The humpback pose is thought to be caused by Kokopelli carrying a sack. The sack is alternatively called the Sack of Trade, depicting goods brought North by early Aztecs from Mesoamerica; or the Sack of Gifts, where the gifts may consist of babies being delivered to pueblos or the bounty of the next harvest. 

ORIGINATION

The Daruma Doll is a hollow, round traditional Japanese doll modeled after the life and struggles of Bodhirama, a renowned monk. He founded the Zen tradition of Buddhism and Shaolin Kungfu, Zazen meditation, and green tea. He was eccentric and known for his fierce determination and concentration. He was said to have attained enlightenment after staring at the cave wall for nine years – a version of the legend mentions that he cut off his eyelids so his gaze would not falter. It is astory of perseverance and achievement.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Usually made with traditional red washi paper, the bodiless head of the Daruma Doll stares ahead with fierce determination. Any Japanese household, or place of business, will usually feature one or twoof these dolls. The eyes are left unpainted when you buy the doll. The process of using one is as follows: (a) Have a goal and make a wish when you buy a Daruma Doll; (b) Paint in one eye; (c) Work towards the goal every day; and (d)When finished, paint in the other eye.

It is a symbol of perseverance and luck –since, like Bodhirama, the focus of the Daruma Doll helps fulfill one’s objectives. The facial expressions are those of a crane and a turtle, both known for longevity. The hollow middle ensures that the doll springs back up if pushed.

ORIGINATION

Ancient Egyptians respected the industryand zeal of the scarab beetle, which were fixtures in their daily life. TheSun, Aten, was central to the Egyptians' life, who relied on the bountiesprovided by the solar disc and the waters of the Nile for their existence. There were two interpretations involving the scarab beetle. Firstly, the beetle's actions in real-life – rolling balls of dung across the desert – were likened to a winged scarab beetle pushing the Sun across the sky from East to West every day. Secondly, the term used to describe scarab beetles meant "to transform" in Egyptian – so the scarab was taken as an essential companion to help transition into the afterlife.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Scarabs went from being simply amulets early on to important seals, used by royalty and officials by the Middle Kingdom (circa 1500 to 1300 BC). They became popular models for jewelry, signifying wealth, prestige, endeavor, and status. They were used as coins ,legal tender, and fashion accessories, as well as an amulet that brings good luck and wealth to the wearer – even to this day.

 Another association with the scarab amulet is regeneration and spontaneous rebirth – driven by how the young hatchlings emerged suddenly out of the dung that buried the eggs. Thus, the amulet provided the wearer with protection and confidence, certain that reincarnation would be inevitable no matter the adversity they were facing.

ORIGINATION

The serpent is a universal symbol because we can find it not just among Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas; but in every culture of the world. The serpent is a double meaning symbol. For example, we find the serpent in the Bible's paradise, but Moses uses it in front of the pharaoh to show God's power, and he uses it again to help people in the exodus with him. We find this double symbol in every culture, and it is vital to understand it, especially in the context of the two-faced serpent.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The serpent has several meanings: wisdom, power, energy, rebirth, etc. The problem is that we can use any of them for good or evil! For example, wisdom in an evil mind becomes dangerous; power can be used to slave other beings if the person with it has no good heart; energy is vital for life, but using energy in a wrong way can destroy anything. The two-headed serpent represents the duality of choice and how to steer wisdom towards the chosen destination.

ORIGINATION

At the heart of the Mexican's religionand the Aztec empire lie Huitzilopochtli, a god of the sun and warfare that had a significant impact on citizens' daily lives. Though Huitzilopochtli was a god of war and battle, he didn't always spend his time in forms that modern people would consider warlike. One of his most common forms was that of a hummingbird.

When Huitzilopochtli was not a hummingbird, he would keep the hummingbird imagery. He was depicted as a painted blue man, with feathers on an arm and a leg and a hummingbird helmet. The hummingbird imagery has become the defining feature of most of Huitzilopochtli's depictions and one of the few ways to identify him among the Mesoamerican gods quickly.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

 Huitzilopochtli was one of the two major gods of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire, which has now become Mexico City. As such, and given his status as the Sun's God and are presentation of power, Huitzilopochtli is often represented in popular literature. He was also represented in amulets that protect modern families from outside dangers and ensure that their lives always live in brightness and sunlight.

ORIGINATION

The Caudaceus is the symbol of Hermes, the messenger of the Gods in Greek mythology. The Roman equivalent was Mercury. The pole symbolizes the vital energy (from the Greek kundalini) that rises the spine and is represented by two twin snakes, one male, and the other female. The fastest of the Gods, Hermes, had winged shoes that helped him travel. According to legend, he saw two snakes fighting and threw his pole at them –the two snakes wrapped themselves around it and stayed. Hermes took the staff for his own – so the Caudaceus became a symbol of Hermes, signifying commerce and travel.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The snake is known for its venom, trickery, and ability to shed its skin and reinvent itself. "Mercury" was equated with alchemy and the ability to be professional in a trade. Till recently, the Caudaceus was often confused with the Rod of Asclepius, who was Apollo's son (the Sun God) and carried a staff with a single snake on it. There was also confusion about whether the Caudaceus represented commerce, travel, ormedicine. 

The matter was finally resolved in 1902when the US Army Medical Corp adopted the Caudaceus as their symbol. At the time, the AMA, the British Army Medical Corps, and the French Military Services frequently used the Rod of Asclepius as their symbol. The decision to adopt the Caudaceus has been credited to either a Captain Frederick P. Hall or a Colonel Hoff. Once the first step was taken, the Americans Public Health Service and US Marine Hospital would also soon adopt the Hermes staff as their sym.

ORIGINATION

The Ankh is one of the most recognizable symbols from Ancient Egypt, known as the "Key of Life" or "Cross of Life." Often, a plain gold cross with a loop at the top can also be ornamented with symbols or decorative flourishes. The symbol itself is an Egyptian hieroglyph for nh (breath of life). Since the Egyptians believed that man's earthly sojourn was part of an eternal journey, the symbol encompassed both life on Earth and the afterlife. The Ankh was carried by multiple Gods, shown in many Egyptian paintings and inscriptions. 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Ankh is frequently worn as an amulet. It gained popularity in Egypt among Coptic Christians as an interpretive symbol of Christ's sacrifice, resurrection, and the promise of everlasting life – marrying Ancient Egyptian beliefs with the new emerging Christian religion. This interpretation of the amulet is exciting and could only have originated in Egypt. In Judea and Rome, Christians used the fish as a fertility sign; the cross (the symbol of Jesus' execution) could hardly have signified regeneration. But the Egyptian belief in the circle of life and afterlife was a perfect setting for Ankh's use as a "breath of life" amulet.

ORIGINATION

The Om Symbol, mentioned in the Hindu Upanishads, specifically the Mandukya Upanishad – a text associated with the Vedantas, one of the six Hindu philosophies. The original text refers to Om as an imperishable, time transcendental sound representing all states of time – past, present and future.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The symbol, as well as the chants of “Om,” “Ohm,” and “Aum,” has continued to gain in popularity over time. Right now, the symbol appears in many places, including jewelry – it signifies peace, tranquility, and unity. The chant has become an integral part of Yoga, with the interpretation that it should come up from the navel and help open up all the Chakras, calming the mind and central nervous system.

Alternative interpretations include Ohm as a universal sound that emanates from Brahma – relating to the birth and sustenance of the universe, or Ganesha – given the shape of the elephant god resembles the sign’s contours. The three pronunciations – Om, Ohm, and Aum – are often taken as a representation of the Holy Trinity. In other words, Om is supposed to represent not only the three states of consciousness but the three realms (Earth, Heaven, Underworld) and the Holy Trinity (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva).

ORIGINATION

Chai ('n) is the Hebrew word for life. Chai consists of two Jewish letters, "chet" (8th letter in Jewish alphabet) and "Yud" (10th letter). The two together equal 18, which symbolizes good luck and prosperity.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Chai is not pronounced with the ch of the Indian chai, but with the Middle East's classic guttural kh sound. The connection to 18 is especially important since Jewish tradition equates the number with wealth – donations and gifts (e.g., wedding gifts) are often made in multiples of 18. The plural form of chai, which is chaim, is used as part of the Jewish toast L'Chaim (לחים), which means "To Life!“

Chai jewelry and bracelets are trendy among those familiar with Jewish customs.

ORIGINATION
The Dharmachakra is one of the most sacred symbols of Buddhist teachings. It is also used in Jainism and Hinduism. In all cases, the logo represents the wheel of dharma – which directly translates to the path for attaining inirvana (Enlightenment). The dharmachakra is also known as the Wheel of Law.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Dharmachakra is usually gold in color and has eight wheels. Three shapes are depicted at the center – typically yin and yang, wheel or circle. The eight spokes stand for the Eightfold Path under Buddhism, and as such, it is one of the very oldest universal signs of Buddhism.

The circular shape epitomizes the wheel coming full circle, that is, the perfection of Buddha’s teachings. The rim of the revolution signifies the ability to hold all the instructions together by meditating and concentrating. The hub in the center symbolizes moral discipline. There are Three Treasures or Jewels (three swirling shapes) on the hub – blue, yellow, and red – that signify Dharma, Buddha, and Sangha. 

The Dharmachakra can also have a different number of spokes. For example, the Ashoka Chakra has 24 spokes that symbolize the 24 ideal qualities of a Buddhist.

ORIGINATION

The Dreamcatcher tradition was started by the Ojibwe tribe, and over time, spread across various Native American tribes, cultures and Nations through trade and intermarriages. It is believed that the dreamcatcher was designed by Asibaikaashi (known as the Spider Woman), who was a custodian of all the infants and the adults. It became a difficult task for her to take enough care of all the Ojibwe people as they started spreading geographically even to the hooks and crannies of North America. So she and the women around her began to construct these magical webs and charms for the protection of the children they were caring for.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The adoption of the token of protection grew rapidly during the 1960’s and ‘70s during the Pan-Indian movement across the US. In most Native American tribes, a Dreamcatcher is a handmade willow hoop woven into a web or a net. Feathers and beads are often also added to the charm. They are thought to prevent bad dreams, and also work as a good luck charm.

The shape is very specific. The roundness represents the earth. The web absorbs terrible dreams during the night. The feathers act like ladders, allowing good dreams to descend into the minds of those asleep.

ORIGINATION

The elephant-headed god Ganesh, also called Ganapati, is part of Hindu mythology as he is the son of Shiva and Parvati. The myth goes that Shiva or one of his attendants (perhaps Shani or Saturn) cut off the boy’s head in a fit of rage and later replaced it with the head of an elephant. 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The name Ganapati translates into “Lord of the Gana (People),” whereas Ganesh or Ganesha means “Lord of the Ganas,” Ganas being the goblin hosts of Shiva. Ganesha’s vahana (vehicle) is the large Indian bandicoot rat.

Like an elephant or a rat, Ganesh or Ganapati symbolizes a remover of obstacles. He is the patron saint of businesspeople, intellectuals, scribes, bankers, and authors. Households in India believe that they should pray to him before undertaking significant enterprises.

ORIGINATION

There are a couple of variations of what Namaste means. Still, the common interpretation is that the word is a combination of Namah (Bow, Obeisance, Adore) and the enclitic pronoun te, meaning “to you.” It is a classic Sanskrit greeting, a derivative of the term namati, which means “s/he bows to you.” Other common variations include namaskar.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The current version of the word namaste is listed in the Oxford English Dictionary and is commonly used in American English since the second half of the 20th century. OED lists it as a verb, meaning “give a namaste (to).” It has become a universal gesture signifying greeting, respect, and adoration. There is a Middle Eastern and Avestan (Old Iranian/Zoroastrian) word, namhaya (“honor, give homage to”), which evolved into the Turkish words namaz (prayer) and namazlik (prayer rug).

ORIGINATION

The Nazar, known as the Nazar boncugu or the “evil eye”, is a beautiful bead. While most people associate it with Turkey, the Nazar amulet spread has been around for 3000 years or more in the Middle East. Legend places the origin of the amulet in Ancient Egypt, where it symbolized Osiris’s eye and was thought to have protective powers.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Known as the “Benevolent Eye” in Egyptian mythology, the use of the Nazar became endemic in Turkey. Even in modern times, practically every home will have a Nazar amulet staring at you from somewhere. It has spread to many parts of the world – all religions consider it protection against people giving you the evil eye and against envy and jealousy. This interpretation is uniform across cultures, so the Nazar is known as a protective talisman – the Persians called it chesm nazar or nazar ghorbani; the Turkish call it manchuk; the Greeks baskania; the Romans malus. In the modern world, the Nazar is called mallochio by the Italians, mal ojo by the Spanish, and ayin hara in Hebrew.

ORIGINATION

The Lotus is one of the Eight Auspicious symbols in Buddhism. It has its title in the religious text of the Lotus Sutra – or “The Sutra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma” and was mentioned repeatedly by Gautama Buddha in his teachings. It is one of the Eight Auspicious Symbols recognized in Buddhist tradition around the world.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Lotus flower, which grows out of muddy water but floats on its long stalks, is taken as a symbol of the purity of one’s body, speech, and mind. The Lotus is rooted in the quagmire of daily existence (more specifically, attachment and desire, to prevent one from staying on the path of truth and attaining onirvana). It is also symbolic of detachment, as water drips easily off of its petals. The purpose of the Lotus Flower's closed bud is to contain the potential, while the open bud shows humans reaching Enlightenment. In the words of the Buddha: As a lotus flower is born in water, grows in water and rises out of the water to stand above it unsoiled, so I, born in the world, raised in the world having overcome the world, live clean by the world”.

The Lotus Flower is also an important symbol in Hindu tradition. It represents an awakening to life's spiritual reality, allowing one to rise from primal thought and base energies to the highest level of consciousness. The interpretation tracks closely with the Buddhist one.

ORIGINATION

The Sankha has a dual meaning. The Buddhist Sankha likely originated around the 4th century BCE, when Buddhist teachings were being propagated throughout the world.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Sankha symbolizes asthamangala or eight auspicious signs aligned with Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. The interpretation is a bit different in Buddhism and Hinduism, but the common factor is the necessity to meditate and focus on the symbol – a right-turning conch is believed to be more auspicious than a left-turning one..

In Buddhism, the Sankh represents a means to spread Buddha’s teachings across the world. It is believed that like the conch shell, Buddha’s teachings can be amplified and spread across the globe. It is also believed that meditation and contemplation of the Sankh brings one closer to Buddha’s teachings about life, enlightenment and rebirth.

In Hinduism, the Sankh is a symbol of Lord Krishna, and was meant as a call to action, perhaps war.

ORIGINATION

The Eye of Horus (a major Egyptian God) was in fact the most recognizable symbol used in Ancient Egypt. The falcon-headed God Horus was the son of Oisiris and Isis. He was the beloved God of the Sky – his right eye was supposed to rule over the Sun and his left the Moon, giving him dominion over all the heavens. The mythological story of the eye developed due to a battle between Set, the brother of Osiris, who had murdered the latter and ascended the throne, and Horus, seeking to avenge his father’s death.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

According to the story, Horus’ left eye was ripped out (either by Set or by Horus himself) during the battle, and later restored by either Thoth (the God of Wisdom, Magic or Moon) or Hathor (the Goddess of Beauty, Fertility and the Sky). Since the left eye was involved, the tearing out and restoration signifies the waxing and waning of the Moon itself. 

Based on this myth, the Eye of Horus became, and is still believed to be, a sacred symbol of sacrifice, healing, regeneration, wholeness and protection – it is meant to bestow wisdom and provide safety to whoever wears the Eye of Horus.

ORIGINATION

The Trishula or “Three Forks” is a weapon used by the Lord Shiva in Vedic Hinduism to protect and restore dharma or truth. It is also seen to be wielded by Parvati, Shiva’s wife, in Hindu mythology.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The three prongs of the trishula represent the Holy Trinity’s three aspects – namely Brahma (Creator), Vishnu (Preserver), and Shiva (Destroyer). The three prongs also represent the three centers of shakti (power): Will, Action, and Wisdom; or the three gunas (Rajas, Tamas, and Sattva) or the three facets of consciousness.

Overall, the Trishula symbolizes power, empire, and the irresistible force of transcendent reality.

ORIGINATION

Derived from the Greek word “triskeles” (three legs), the Triskele or Triple Spiral is a complex, yet simple, ancient Celtic symbol. Also called the Triskelion, its usage dates back to the early Neolithic Era (500 BC onwards), as is seen by its presence at the entrance of Newgrange in Ireland. Its interpretation often involves some complexity as historians believe it to be the juxtaposition of multiple cultural symbols. 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Triskele often symbolizes motion and energy since all three arms look like they are moving outwards from the center. These movements, in Celtic lore, signify action, cycles, progress, revolution, and competition.

However, the Triskele's three arms' exact symbolic significance varies by era, culture, mythology, and history – and is subject to interpretation. The general interpretations involve some form of a trinity – such as life-death-rebirth; spirit-mind-body; mother-father-child; past-present-future; power-intellect-love, creation-preservation-destruction … to name just a few.

To the Celtics, represent the connection between the three worlds – the Spiritual, the Present Day, and the Celestial.

ORIGINATION

The Enso or Zen Circle has been around for hundreds of years. One of the earliest and best examples of the minimalist enso (円相) cultural symbol, credited to Ranzan Shoryu (1718-1797). The circles were initially created as an artistic or religious construction but grew out of free form, expressionist art drawn by Zen monks and nuns dedicated to achieving Enlightenment. As a result, Zen Circles can be open or close and have light or heavy (thin or thick) lines and differing sworls – the art evolved as it was believed that the spiritual advancement within each artist would guide them in the creation of their enso circle. 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

In Zen Buddhism, enso represents freedom, concentration, and focus on the present. Zen masters have said the circle cannot be explained; rather, it must be experienced. This is in keeping with the basic concept of zen – something fueled by oneself rather than scripture or a set of rules. The shape of an enso is symbolic of the beginning, end and relaunch of all things. The circle is meant to be infinite. The circle also signifies connection, togetherness, emptiness (mu, or no-thing), the fullness of the Universe, and Enlightenment.

An open enso circle signifies that the artist has room to move towards development and represents wabi-sabi, the beauty of imperfection. A close circle represents perfection, totality, or wholeness.

ORIGINATION

The symbol became popularized through the Chinese school of Yinyang, which taught philosophy and cosmology. The chief scholar was Zou Yan (or Tsou Yen) who believed that life went continuous and interchangeably through five phases – fire, water, metal, wood and earth. Later, the symbol evolved as the balance between opposites – in particular, the Taoist (yin) and Confucian (yang) schools of thought – that meshed together to form a unity of opposites.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Yin is FEMININE, black, DARK, north, water, PASSIVE, MOON, earth, COLD, old, EVEN numbers, valleys, poor and SOFT – providing SPIRIT to things. Yin heightens during the Winter Solstice. Its represent by the tiger, the color orange and a broken line trigram.

Yang is MASCULINE, white, LIGHT, south, fire, ACTIVE, SUN, heaven, WARM, young, ODD numbers, mountains, rich and HARD – providing FORM to things. Yin heightens during the Summer Solstice. Its represent by the dragon, the color blue and a solid line trigram.

Together, they represent a force of unity and balance between every possible pair of opposites in the world and in philosophy.

ORIGINATION

The symbol became popularized through the Chinese school of Yinyang, which taught philosophy and cosmology. The chief scholar was Zou Yan (or Tsou Yen) who believed that life went continuous and interchangeably through five phases – fire, water, metal, wood and earth. Later, the symbol evolved as the balance between opposites – in particular, the Taoist (yin) and Confucian (yang) schools of thought – that meshed together to form a unity of opposites.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Yin is FEMININE, black, DARK, north, water, PASSIVE, MOON, earth, COLD, old, EVEN numbers, valleys, poor and SOFT – providing SPIRIT to things. Yin heightens during the Winter Solstice. Its represent by the tiger, the color orange and a broken line trigram.

Yang is MASCULINE, white, LIGHT, south, fire, ACTIVE, SUN, heaven, WARM, young, ODD numbers, mountains, rich and HARD – providing FORM to things. Yin heightens during the Summer Solstice. It represents by the dragon, the color blue and a solid line trigram.

Together, they represent a force of unity and balance between every possible pair of opposites in the world and in philosophy.

ORIGINATION

When describing the path of Zen, the words from the ancient 6th century text Shin Jin Mei, state that ‘A circle is a vast space, which does not lack anything, nor does it have too much.’ While this description is about the Enso circle, described elsewhere, Zen Buddhism has evolved other strong symbols for common human states such as Happiness, Balance (or Meditation Stone) and Strength.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The three symbols shown above are Zen expressions of Happiness, Balance (as achieved by stacking Meditation Stones) and Strength. One of the characteristics of Zen art is the lack of a specific form that needs to be followed. Each monk and worshipper are free to draw, usually with very few strokes, what their mind envisages. As a result, variations of the above are found.

ORIGINATION

The connection between omamori, Shinto and Buddhism is complicated – the two religions overlapped and intermingled in Japan until they were separated legally in 1868. Omamori came out of a fusion of Buddhist amulet tradition, such as ones that are still popular in Thailand today, and Shinto charms, such as ofuda. Omamori in their current form became popular during the Tokugawa period in the 17th century. In Shinto, the power of the omamori comes from the enshrined kami (god), goshintai 御神体. Buddhist omamori draw their power from a gohonzon 御本尊 (Buddhist image). 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Omamori are amulets one receives in exchange for a donation to one of Japan’s Shinto or Buddhist temples. Omamori are usually small, folded paper or fabric packets* ritually consecrated in the temple. They are typically made with the name of the originating temple on the front and a charm on the back for prosperity, health, travel, or a multitude of other purposes. Amulets do not expire, but it is common practice to replace them, usually once a year. Older omamori are usually returned to the temple to be burned. Some omamori can be quite complex, or made of fancier materials such as wood, bone, or metals. For a shrine or temple's omamori to be popular, it should have an engi 縁起 or story of a numinous or miraculous occurrence at or near the site. For example, Sensei Temple in Asakusa, which claims to sell the most omamori in Japan each year, has an engi about a golden dragon who came out of the sea to bask in the sun at the site of the temple. 

ORIGINATION

The Claddagh Ring is one of Ireland’s most enduring icons – it can be worn as a symbol of heritage or simply as a ring showing commitment between people or a community. It encompasses three beautiful sentiments – Friendship (the two clasped hands); Love (the heart) and Loyalty (the crown). The ring originated in 17th century Ireland, out of the Village of Claddagh in Galway. Though there are several stories as to its origination, the most plausible one may be that the first ring was crafted by Richard Joyce, a silversmith – his original ring with an intact maker’s mark is one of the oldest surviving Claddagh rings.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Claddagh ring has become a symbol of Celtic pride for those of Irish heritage. They are frequently exchanged, along with vows, at a wedding or engagement. They can also be worn as friendship rings. Many Irish families have an ancestral Claddagh ring that is passed down from generation to generation. The ring can now be worn by men and women (the original traditions often had the ring being passed down by the matriarch of the family) - the three symbols of friendship, love and loyalty are universal emotions that can cement relationships.

ORIGINATION

The winged sun disk is one of the most ancient symbols in the world, appearing in art, architecture, and cylinder seals from Egypt, Babylonia, Sumer, Assyria, Judah, and elsewhere. The Persian faravahar is easily the most intricate and detailed representation of the winged sun disk from any ancient civilization except perhaps the Assyrian. It first appears in its present form during the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) and continued in use until the fall of the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) to the Muslim Arabs in 651 CE.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The faravahar is the best-known symbol from ancient Persia of the winged sun disk with a seated male figure in the center. No one is sure of the precise interpretation in ancient times, but the central figure is thought to represent Ahura Mazda, the god of Zoroastrianism, but has also been interpreted to signify other concepts, including: Fravashi (Guardian Angel); Farr or Khvarenah (Divine Grace); The fravashi of the king; Divinity in general and royal power; Personal spiritual power and The tenets of Zoroastrianism.

The image combines the image of the sun, the divine power and protection of the king, the wings to symbol the heavenly abode and the serpents that symbolize rebirth. It is considered to be an extremely potent symbol if used in an amulet.

ORIGINATION

The Carolingian Cross, though similar to two other Irish symbols (Brigid’s Cross and Celtic Cross) is unique in a number of ways. It was created during the Carolingian Dynasty in France, whose most famous ruler was King Charlemagne the Great (circa 800 AD). The uniqueness is personified by the admixture of the four triquetras (Celtic Unity Knots) with the design of the cross. At the time, the cross was considered to be a combination of medieval Christianity and ancient Celtic pagan symbolism. 

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Carolingian Cross has four arms, which signify Unity, Balance, Temperance and Eternity. The inclusion of the triquetras gives this cross an elevated meaning, above and beyond the conventional Christian cross. The triquetra is still a commonly used trinket in modern day Ireland, as it was in ancient Celtic times – it symbolizes the three pillars of a relationship: Love, Honor and Protection. There are interpretations of the three cornered shape as being the Irish Goddess Brigid (also Brigit or Bridgit), who formed a Holy Trinity with two sisters also named Brigid. She was the patron saint of healing and medicine, poetry, arts and crafts and the early arrival of spring.

ORIGINATION

There are many legends around how the maneki neko came into being – all of them originating in Japan around the 17th century. Perhaps the best known is about the maneki neko statue at the Gotoku-ji Temple in Japan. The legend goes that an impoverished monk at the temple used to feed his favorite cat despite his poverty. One day he asked the cat for a boon. Soon thereafter, the local Samurai Lord showed up to seek shelter – he said that they were directed to the temple by a beckoning cat in the middle of fierce storm. The Lord deeded land and money to the temple, which commemorated the contribution of their favorite cat by erecting its statue and naming it the deity Shobyo Kannon, the god of mercy. Today, the statue is a venerated symbol for visitors, Buddhists or not.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Maneki neko cats are all over Japan – sold in souvenir shops and placed in homes, offices and places of business. They are considered a feng shui symbol that brings good fortune and happiness, true to the legend of Gotoku-ji temple. The precise benefits that a maneki neko bestows depends on its characteristics – especially the leg raised (left or right), the paw elevation and the color. For example, if the right leg is raised, the cat will bring wealth, whereas the left leg being raised denotes that the cat is inviting and welcoming you. Other characteristics can signify luck, protection against evil, prosperity, academic or business success … so on and so forth. In some cases, the cat holds up a coin, in others (like the statue outside the Gotoku-ji temple) the paw is empty – signifying that people should craft their own fortune.

ORIGINATION

The tree was a fundamental symbol to the ancient Celts, who believed that trees were the ancestors of human beings. Every Celtic settlement that was formed begun with a tree planted in the middle of the area – it was called crann bethadh (literally: tree of life). The tree became the center of communal activities for Celtics – the original tree would be site for assemblies and ceremonies, while other trees present or planted around the settlement gave shelter to the community and wild animals and birds.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The tree of life was often represented by an Oak in Celtic lore. The Celts considered the Oak to be axis mundi – the center of the world. In fact, the gaelic word for oak is daur, which is where the English word “door” comes from. The roots of the Oak Tree were considered to be the gateway to the underworld where the fairies lived. Thus the Tree of Life symbolizes a Connection between all the natural elements (Earth, Wind, Air and Water); the Creation circle of birth, life, death and rebirth and above all – Unity of the collective.

It was believed that the tree endowed people with purpose and nobility and brought prosperity to the community.

ORIGINATION

The original Trilakshana (Three Marks of Existence) arose from three words - Anicca, Dukkha and Anatta – in Pali script from ancient India. The Trialkshana symbol was picked up as a tenet of Zen Buddhism, and has been linked to other signs. The marks outline the path to Nirvana for Buddhists.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Buddhists believe that these are the three characteristics that are common across everything in life. Anicca, or impermanence, represents the ever changing nature of life. Dukkha, that is, dissatisfaction or suffering, signifies that life does not necessarily provide people with what they want and things are always changing. Therefore, people usually do not achieve complete satisfaction as everything has limitations, which causes them to be dissatisfied. Anatta refers to the fact that there is no fixed sense of self because everything is constantly changing. Another way of expressing this is the idea that people have no soul.

ORIGINATION

The gate to a Shinto shrine (Jinja), the Torii designates holy ground. As Shinto is a religion of worship of nature spirits, or Kami, most Shinto shrines are located outdoors. The Gate marks the boundary between the physical and spiritual worlds, and is often the only indication that one is entering a shrine. The Torii is traditionally made in three pieces, three being a sacred number of the Kami. When entering a shrine, a visitor will clap their hands three times, and bow three times to summon the spirits before offerings are made or ritual performed.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The Shinto Torii symbol, with an inwardly arched head piece, is called Myojin Torii. The gate promises a doorway from the everyday, polluted world to the pristine world of the Kami. Hence, the gate promises to protect worshippers against evil and revitalize their lives, and enrich their experiences.

ORIGINATION

The Irish shamrock has become the symbol of Ireland. Botanically, it is a young sprig of green clover – purists believe a distinct species called “white clover” – with three leaves. The number three has specific significance in Irish folklore and was believed to have magical properties. When St. Patrick began converting pagans, he used the three-leaved seamróg (young clover) to illustrate the Holy Trinity.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

Due to the popularity of the symbol, the Shamrock not only represents the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit, it has become a symbol of modern Ireland. The Prime Minister of Ireland presents the US President with a Shamrock every St. Patrick’s Day, a tradition that started in 1952 and continues to this very day. The Shamrock is everywhere – the national flower, on Irish designs, on the Erin go Bragh flags and the uniforms of many Irish Sports teams. In the US, Irish pubs and St. Patrick Day parades are common places to spot the Shamrock.

Alternative meanings attached to the three leaves are faith, hope and love; as well as bringing luck to those who sport it on their clothing.

ORIGINATION

The healing tradition of Reiki were developed by Mikao Usui in Japan in the 1920’s. Reiki principles are meant to recognize sources of anger and stress, release them at appropriate times and heal the body, soul and consciousness – often through touch – and then practice gratitude. The Shaman’s Hand is an admixture of reiki principles with Native American shamanism – or spiritual guidance.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

In Shamanic reiki, practitioners believe that they can travel through time to heal events in the past, presence and future, and also practice distance healing. The Shamanic Hand is a particularly powerful example of this, since the sworls in the palm and the outline of the fingers are supposed to be supercharged with energy that passes from the hands of the healer to the patient.

A Shaman’s Hand talisman or amulet is meant to protect, heal and ward off evil; take away negative energy and the sorrows of the past, and help the subject heal and look forward to more peaceful days, filled with gratitude.

ORIGINATION

The origin of the “corno” (or horn) goes back some 5,500 years to the Neolithic Period, when such symbols became popular around the Mediterranean. They symbolized blessings, good fortune and fertility/virility. During Roman times, they were used for votive offerings to the goddesses Luna and Venus. The red coral is sacred to Venus (goddess of Love), and the silver in the handle appeased Luna (Moon).  

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

In current times, Corno Portofortuna has become a symbol of Italy. The Neapolitan version, in particular, can be seen everywhere in Naples. While they can be made of gold, silver, brass etc., the classic look is the red coral made version. Like the Cornucopia, they symbolize bounty and prosperity – but they also apply to helping the wearer of the amulet (or the household who hangs them) be lucky in love, fertility and family bonhomie. The Corno is meant to protect the family from evil.

ORIGINATION

Tetraktys (“fourfold”) is a sacred Pythagorean symbol consisting of 10 dots arranged in blocks of 1, 2, 3 and 4. According to Pythagoreans, the archetypal powers of one-ness, two-ness, three-ness & four-ness could be used to understand and describe the sequence of creation and the nature of everything in the cosmos. The arrangement depicted in the Tetracyts Symbol represents the organization of space, where the first row denotes zero dimension (a point), the second row denotes first dimension (a line joining two points), the third row denotes second dimension (a triangular plane), and the fourth row denotes the third dimension (a tetrahedron).

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The first row has a single point that is representative of the Creator, the active principle, the divine power behind all creation and is associated with wisdom. The second row contains two points that represent the passive principle and are associated with friction, movement, impulse, strength, and courage. The third row with three points signifies the world coming out of the union of the above two, a union of physical and mental balance and is associated with harmony. The fourth row has four points that represent the four liberal arts & sciences that complete the world. These four points symbolize the four elements of earth, fire, air, and water.

The Tetraktys, thus, is a symbol of our entire cosmos and the logic (ratios) upon which it is constructed.

ORIGINATION

The “marriage-knot” had Egyptian origins, which then passed on to the Greeks and Romans. According to Roman lore, the knot symbolized the legendary fertility of the God Hercules; it probably relates to the legendary Girdle of Diana captured from the Amazon Queen Hippolyta. In this, the marriage-knot was probably a representation of the virginity of the bride.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The symbolism of the knot survived well beyond its religious use, and was a very common symbol in medieval and Renaissance love tokens. A strong knot created by two intertwined ropes, the Knot of Hercules is best known for it’s use in ancient Greece and Rome as a protective amulet, most notably as a wedding symbol, incorporated into the protective girdles worn by brides, which were ceremonially untied by the new groom. This custom is the likely origin of the phrase “tying the knot.”

ORIGINATION

The main component of the Borjgali is an ancient, seven-winged solar wheel, often shown rising from a symbolic tree of life.  The solar wheel is similar to wheels found throughout Europe, especially in Norse and Iberian art.  Similar symbols are found in Armenian stonework.

EVOLUTION, CURRENT USES & POPULARITY

The original seven winged solar wheel was considered to be a symbol of cosmic energy, with the round wings resembling the sun’s rays. But an evolution of the term occurred due to the conjunction of burj (the root) and gala (the allowance or harvest) in ancient Georgian. Taken together, the upper branches of the borjgali symbolize hope and aspiration, the lower branches the past – together, the spinning wheel shows how the past evolves, giving way to the future.

In modern days, the borjgali appears as an official symbol of the Republic of Georgia and is a pervasive symbol of national pride in the Caucasus region.